Python je nejpopulárnější programovací jazyk. Tady je kompletní průvodce.

Základy¶

Proměnné, typy¶

name = “Python”
version = 3.12
features = [“simple”, “powerful”, “readable”]
config = {“debug”: True, “port”: 8080}

Funkce¶

def greet(name: str, greeting: str = “Hello”) -> str:
return f”{greeting}, {name}!”

Lambda¶

square = lambda x: x ** 2

OOP¶

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class User:
name: str
email: str
active: bool = True

List comprehensions¶

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
evens = [x for x in range(100) if x % 2 == 0]
flat = [item for sublist in nested for item in sublist]

Generators¶

def fibonacci():
a, b = 0, 1
while True:
yield a
a, b = b, a + b

Context Managers¶

with open(“file.txt”) as f:
content = f.read()

Async¶

import asyncio

async def fetch(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as resp:
return await resp.json()

Virtual Environment¶

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip freeze > requirements.txt

Type Hints¶

from typing import Optional

def process(data: list[dict], limit: Optional[int] = None) -> list[str]:
…

Nástroje¶

• uv/pip — package management
• ruff — linting + formatting
• mypy — type checking
• pytest — testování
• poetry/uv — dependency management

Tip¶

Python je snadný na naučení, těžký na zvládnutí. Zaměřte se na idiomatický Python — ne jen „fungující” kód.